![]() Squeezed states in a Bose-Einstein condensate. Destruction of quantum coherence in a nonlinear oscillator via attenuation and amplification. Dissipative quantum and classical Liouville mechanics of the anharmonic oscillator. Bosonic-degeneracy-induced quantum correlation in a nonlinear atomic beam splitter. Quantum state of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate. Relative phase of two Bose-Einstein condensates. Inhibition of coherence in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates. Collapses and revivals in the interference between two Bose-Einstein condensates formed in small atomic samples. Collapses and revivals of Bose-Einstein condensates formed in small atomic samples. We attribute the oscillations to the quantized structure of the matter wave field and the collisions between individual atoms. ![]() Here we use such a set-up to investigate these questions experimentally, observing that the matter wave field of the Bose–Einstein condensate undergoes a periodic series of collapses and revivals this behaviour is directly demonstrated in the dynamical evolution of the multiple matter wave interference pattern. ![]() It is then natural to ask how the individual matter wave fields and their relative phases evolve. For example, in a Bose–Einstein condensate confined by a three-dimensional optical lattice, each potential well can be prepared in a coherent superposition of different atom number states, with constant relative phases between neighbouring lattice sites. Although such a field is usually assumed to be intrinsically stable (apart from incoherent loss processes), this is no longer true when the condensate is in a coherent superposition of different atom number states 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Nevertheless, the matter wave field has a quantized structure owing to the granularity of the discrete underlying atoms. A Bose–Einstein condensate represents the most ‘classical’ form of a matter wave, just as an optical laser emits the most classical form of an electromagnetic wave.
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